Arts and Crafts Movement

An extremely influential movement in the last quarter of the 19th century which, in reaction against industrialism and commercialism, laid great emphasis on the importance of hand-craftsmanship and on breaking down the barriers between 'fine' and 'applied' arts. It was inspired by the teachings of John Ruskin and William Morris.

The movement spawned many societies and guilds. Its influence spread from England to the rest of Europe and to the USA.